Effect of CD106 Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Bone Marrow Vascular Failure in Patients with Aplastic Anemia / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the vascularization ability of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and explore its influencing factors in aplastic anemia(AA) patients. Methods MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of AA patients(AA MSCs) and normal controls(N MSCs) were cultured and then evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescene staining technique.The expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(CD106) was detected by gene sequencing,and the content and fluorescene intensity of CD106MSCs was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.The content of CD105CD106MSCs in fresh AA bone marrow was measured,followed by the determination of the capability of endothelial differentiation from AA MSCs and N MSCs with immunofluorescene analysis;finally,the capability of CD31cell differentiation from CD106-blocking N MSCs and its tubular structures formation in matrigel were tested.Results The expression of CD106 in AA patients was defective(decreased by 12.13 times when compared with N MSCs) and the concentration and fluorescene degree of CD106MSCs was also decreased in AA patients [(28.03±17.71)% vs.(59.61±12.26)%,P=0.000].The content of CD105CD106MSCs decreased significantly in the fresh bone marrow [(0.33±0.10)% vs.(2.98±0.46)%,P=0.0005].Besides, the capability of CD31cell differentiation from AA MSCs was significantly delayed [(13.67±1.50)% vs.(43.24±0.96)%,P=0.0004].Also,the capability of CD31cell differentiation and tubular structures formation of CD106-blocking N MSCs was also obviously decreased [(26.00±2.65)% vs.(91.78±2.44)%,P=0.000;(13.81±1.98)mm vs.(68.12±6.78)mm,P=0.0015].Conclusion The deficient or decreased expression of CD106MSCs accelerate the bone marrow vascularization failure in AA patients.

Biological characteristics of exosomes secreted by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the immunoregulatory function and capability supporting the angiogenesis of exosomes secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) from healthy persons. Supernatant of BMMSC (P4-P6) was collected for exosome purification. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blot were used to identify the quality of isolated exosomes. The amount of exosomes was quantified through bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated from healthy donor and added with isolating exosomes. After co-cultured for 72 h, IFN-γ from the co-culture system was detected by ELISA. The expression of miRNA-associated with immunity were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT-PCR). The interactions between exosomes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were observed with confocal microscopy. Subconfluent HUVEC were harvested and treated with the indicated concentration of exosomes. Nude mice were injected subcutaneously with exosomes or PBS as control to verify the ability of angiogenesis. The results showed that diameter range of exosomes was range from 40 to 160 nm. The isolated exosomes expressed the CD9. There was approximately linear relation between the secretion of exosomes and cell density. The exosomes suppressed the production of IFN-γ from PBMNC, and contained miRNA associated with immune regulation such as miR301, miR22 and miR-let-7a. Exosomes induced vascular tube formation in vitro and vascularization of Matrigel plugs in vivo. It is concluded that the BMMSC-derived exosomes can regulate immunity and support vascularization.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells reduce the sensitivity of HL-60 cells to cytarabine / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the impact of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) on the sensitivity of HL-60 cells to therapeutic drugs so as to provide more information for exploring the regulatory effect of hUC-MSC on leukemia cells. Transwell and direct co-culture systems of HL-60 and hUC-MSC were established. The apoptosis and cell cycle of HL-60 cells were detected by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of Caspase 3, respectively. The results showed that the apoptosis of HL-60 induced by cytarabine (Ara-C) decreased significantly after direct co-cultured with hUC-MSC cycle mRNA (P < 0.05). The similar phenomenon was observed in transwell co-culture system. Cell cycle of HL-60 cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase and did not enter into S phase (P < 0.05) and the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA and protein in HL-60 cells were reduced (P < 0.05). It is concluded that hUC-MSC protected HL-60 from Arc-C induced apoptosis through regulating the cell cycle and down-regulating expression of Caspase 3 in HL-60 cells. In addition, this effect is caused by the soluble factors from hUC-MSC.

Culture of pancreatic progenitor cells in hanging drop and on floating filter / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a method to culture pancreatic progenitor cells in hanging drop and on floating filter,and to examine if pancreatic progenitor cells can differentiate into mature endocrine cells with this method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Murine embryos at day 12.5 were isolated and digested into single cells,which were then cultured in hanging drop for 24h and formed spheres.Spheres were cultured on the filter for 6 days,which floated in the dish containing medium.During culture,the expressions of pancreas duodenum homeobox-1(PDX-1)and neurogenin3(Ngn3)were determined.The expressions of endocrine and exocrine markers,insulin,glucagon,and carboxypeptidase(CPA)were determined on day 7 by immunohistochemistry.Insulin secretion of spheres stimulated by glucose was detected by ELISA.The changes of pancreatic marker expressions during culture were monitored by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One day after the culture,there were still a large amount of PDX-1 positive cells in pancreatic spheres,and these cells proliferated.On day 3,high expression of Ngn3 was detected,and the Ngn3-positive cells did not proliferate.On day 7,The expressions of endocrine and exocrine markers in the differentiated pancreatic progenitor cells were detected,which were consistent with that in vivo.Insulin was secreted by spheres upon the stimulation of glucose.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In hanging drop and on floating filter,pancreatic progenitor cells can differentiate into mature endocrine cells.</p>

Effect of 15-deoxy-Δ(12), 14-prostaglandin J2 on the cytokines in the culture supernatant of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

15-Deoxy-Δ(12), 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a well known peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ ligand, has been shown to inhibit cellular proliferation and induce apoptosis and differentiation. However, whether 15d-PGJ2 influences the cytokines in the culture supernatant of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) is unknown. This study was purposed to investigate the influence of 15d-PGJ2 on cytokines in the culture supernatant of BM-MSC. The fibroblast-like cells attached to the culture dish from bone marrow of healthy donors were isolated. The immunophenotype and differentiation potential of the obtained cells were detected by flow cytometry and oil red O and von kassa staining respectively to confirm that these cells were BM-MSC. Thereafter, the BM-MSC were cultured with complete medium supplemented with 10, 20, 40 and 60 µmol/L 15d-PGJ2 for 24 hours respectively. The real-time PCR was used to assay the PPARγ mRNA level, the confocal immuno fluorescence technique was used to detect the expression level of PPARγ. The results showed that the BM-MSC underwent apoptosis and got detached from the culture dish when the concentration of 15d-PGJ2 was no less than 20 µmol/L. The PPARγ mRNA level of BM-MSCs cultured with medium containing 10 µmol/L 15d-PGJ2 was higher than that cultured without 15d-PGJ2, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The enhancement of PPARγ expression was observed after stimulated by 15d-PGJ2. The protein chip detecting the culture supernatants of BM-MSC cultured with 10 µmol/L 15d-PGJ2 or without 15d-PGJ2 for 24 hours demonstrated that expression levels of some of the cytokines varied. It is concluded that the down-regulation of TIMP-2 exists after treatment of 15d-PGJ2, which is statistical significant.

Establishment of a new method to induce the differentiation of embryonic pancreatic cells into mature endocrine cells / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a new culture method to induce the differentiation of embryonic pancreatic cells into mature endocrine cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse embryos at day 12.5 were used and embryonic pancreata were isolated. The isolated embryonic pancreata were cultured on the filter for 7 days, which floated in the dish containing medium. During culture, the expression of pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1), a pancreatic stem cell marker, was examined at day 1. The expression of neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), a pancreatic progenitor cell marker, was examined at day 3. The expressions of endocrine and exocrine markers, insulin, glucagon, and carboxypeptidase (CPA) were examined at day 7 by immunohistochemistry. The kinetics of pancreatic marker expression during culture was assayed by real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Many pancreatic stem cells still existed in embryonic pancreata cultured for 1 day; meanwhile, these pancreatic stem cells proliferated in high rate. A large amount of pancreatic progenitor cells were found in embryonic pancreata cultured for 3 days.Pancreatic stem/progenitor cells differentiated into mature endocrine and exocrine cells in embryonic pancreata after having been cultured for 7 days. Furthermore, the expression pattern of pancreatic marker is consistent with that in vivo.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We successfully established a new culture method, with which embryonic pancreatic cells can efficiently differentiate into mature endocrine cell.</p>

Effects of interferon-γ on biological characteristics and immunomodulatory property of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ on biological characteristics and immunomodulatory property of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC). hUC-MSC were treated with IFN-γ 10 ng/ml (IFN-γ group) or without IFN-γ (control group). The phenotype of hUC-MSC was detected by flow cytometry. The proliferation status was detected by CCK-8 method, and its differentiation ability was assessed by oil red O and von Kossa staining. The production of PGE-2 was measured by ELISA, and the mRNA expression levels of COX-2, IDO-1 and IDO-2 in hUC-MSC were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMNC) was evaluated after co-culture with hUC-MSC, IFN-γ pretreatment or not. The results showed that after IFN-γ stimulation, the expression of SSEA-4 on hUC-MSC decreased significantly [(8.15 ± 2.94) vs (16.42 ± 8.5), P < 0.05], and the expression of CD54 increased [(96.64 ± 3.29) vs (84.12 ± 10.73), P = 0.051]. The immunomodulatory property of hUC-MSC on the proliferation of hPBMNC was enhanced (P < 0.05). All the above mentioned effects were IFN-γ concentration-dependent. When hUC-MSC were stimulated by IFN-γ for 24 h, the production of PGE-2 secreted by hUC-MSC decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of COX-2 also decreased though the difference did not reach to statistically significant level. Compared with control group, IDO-1 expression level in IFN-γ group increased significantly (P < 0.01), and the mRNA expression level of IDO-2 remained unchanged. It is concluded that IFN-γ can influence the phenotype of hUC-MSC and enhance the immunomodulatory property of hUC-MSC.

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treatment of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats / 中国实验血液学杂志

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) transplantation has been widely used in the treatment of a variety of diseases due to their advantages such as abundant resources, low immunogenicity and large ex vivo expansion capacity. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of UCMSC on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rats. The distribution of human-derived cells was observed by immunofluorescence method, the effect of MSC on B-cell in situ-secreted antibodies was assayed by ELISPOT, the secreted IFN-γ level was detected by using Transwell test. The results showed that UCMSC were able to migrate to inflammation region and lymph nudes, moreover human-derived cells could be detected in medulla zone of lymph nudes. In vitro in situ detection of AchR specific antibody secretion revealed that the full contact of MSC with lymphnode-derived lymphocytes could effectively inhibit production of AchR antibody. Transwell test indicated that the direct contact of UCMSC with CD4 T cells could effectively decrease production of IFN-γ, which modulated the unbalance between Th1/Th2 to a certain extent. It is concluded that UCMSC can regulate the immune system by direct cell-cell contact or/and release of cytokines, which bring a new insight into knowledge about MSC-based therapy for EAMG.

Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow filters by primary explant culture / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be isolated from bone marrow filters which have always been discarded. The bone marrow (BM) particles from BM filters of 2 healthy donors were cultivated by primary explant culture. After expansion, the number of MSC was counted and their immunophenotype and differentiation potential were detected. The results indicated that many MSC were found in bone marrow particles from filters, and nearly 10(7) MSC were obtained at 3 passages of expansion. They not only possessed the characteristics of morphology and immunophenotype of MSC, but also could differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. In conclusion, a large amount of MSC can be obtained from BM filters if the BM particles were cultivated by primary explant culture.

Comparison of hematopoietic supportive capacity between human fetal and adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) shift from fetal liver and spleen to bone marrow at neonatal stages and this movement may be due to inductive signals from different microenvironments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are the precursors of stromal cells in bone marrow microenvironments such as osteoblasts and endothelial cells. Some researchers speculated that fetal bone marrow before birth might be not perfectly suit HSC growth. However, it is still lack of direct evidence to prove this hypothesis. This study was aimed to compare the hematopoietic supportive capacity between human fetal and adult bone marrow MSC in vitro. Adult bone marrow MSC (ABM-MSC) were isolated from three healthy donors and fetal bone marrow MSC (FBM-MSC) were isolated from three fetuses between gestations of 19 to 20 weeks. After irradiation, MSC were co-cultured with CD34(+) cells isolated from umbilical cord blood in long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay. The colony number of colony forming cells (CFC) was counted and the phenotypic changes of co-cultured CD34(+) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine expressions in both kinds of MSC were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that ABM-MSC had a stronger hematopoietic supportive capacity than FBM-MSC. Both of them enhanced the differentiation of CD34(+) cells into myeloid lineages. Cytokines were expressed differently in ABM-MSC and FBM-MSC. It is concluded that ABM-MSC possess more potential application in some treatments than FBM-MSC, especially in hematopoietic reconstitution.

Differentiation of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells into low immunogenic and functional hepatocyte-like cells in vitro / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the biological function of hepatocyte-like cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells that isolated from human umbilical cord UC-MSCs in vitro, and to detect the changes in the immunogenicity of the differentiated hepatocyte-like cells (DHC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Transdifferentiation of UC-MSCs into hepatic lineage in vitro was induced in modified two-step induction medium. The expressions of hepatic specific markers were detected by RT-PCR analysis and immunofluorescence staining at different time points after induction. The levels of albumin and urea in the supernatants of cultures were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive property of DHC was detected by one-way mixed lymphocyte culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA and proteins of alpha fetoprotein (AFP), albumin (ALB),and cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) were expressed in naive UC-MSCs at low levels. DHC highly expressed hepatic markers AFP, ALB, CK-19, and tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase 14 and 28 days after hepatic differentiation and were accompanied by an increased production of ALB and urea in supernatant in a time-dependent manner. DHC did not express human leukocyte antigen DR antigen and significantly decreased the lymphocyte proliferation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>UC-MSCs are able to differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells in vitro, while the immunogenicity of DHC remains low.</p>

More mesenchymal stem cells enriched from bone marrow aspirates by culturing bone marrow particles and mononuclear cells separately / 中国实验血液学杂志

Bone marrow (BM) is the major source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In most experiments, MSC were classically cultured from mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated by density gradient centrifugation method. However, several studies have demonstrated that this method was less efficient for MSC recovery. This study was aimed to investigate whether BM particles were the cause resulting in less efficiency of this method and how to isolate them. A total of 20 patients were enrolled in this study. MNC were cultured by standard adherence and BM particles were cultivated by primary explant culture. For BM from patients 1-10, MNC were first isolated and BM particles were then filtered out. The morphology and the fibroblastic colony number were compared between cultures of MNC and BM particles. For BM from patients 11-20, MNC isolation and BM particle filtration were processed in opposite order, then the immunophenotype and function between adherent cells expanded from MNC and BM particles were compared. In addition, for patients 11-20, the left BM aspirates were cultured too after BM particles and MNC were isolated separately. The results showed that adherent cells from BM particles were MSC. After BM particles were filtered out and cultured separately, MSC could be recovered completely from MNC isolated by density gradient centrifugation and no MSC were left in the residual BM aspirates. BM particles, which have been mostly discarded by the method of density gradient centrifugation, are another important source of MSC and they can be cultivated reliably by primary explant culture. It is concluded that more MSC are recovered from a single BM sample by culturing BM particles and MNC separately.

IL-27 regulates the expression of Mac-1, fMLP-R and IL-1beta in human neutrophils through p38 MAPK and PI3K signal pathways / 中国实验血液学杂志

The present study was aimed to investigate the pathways, by which IL-27 regulates the expression of adherent molecule Mac-1, chemotactic factor receptor fMLP-R and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in human neutrophils. Highly purified human neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood using Ficoll-Hypaque gradients centrifugation and erythrocyte lysis. The mRNA expression of IL-27 receptor components (WSX-1/TCCR and gp130) in human neutrophils was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After incubation with IL-27 and specific inhibitors (p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK inhibitor U0126), the mRNA levels of fMLP-R and IL-1beta were determined by real time RT-PCR, and the adherent molecule Mac-1 expression in human neutrophils was determined by flow cytometry. The IL-1beta level in culture supernatant of human neutrophils was assayed by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that IL-27 receptor components (WSX-1/TCCR and gp130) were constitutively expressed in human neutrophils. IL-27 down-regulated Mac-1 expression in human neutrophils (p<0.05). After incubation with specific inhibitors, SB203580, not LY294002 and U0126, inhibited the down-regulation of Mac-1 expression by IL-27. However, IL-27 up-regulated the mRNA expression of fMLP-R and IL-1beta, and increased the release of IL-1beta (p<0.05). Interestingly, LY294002, not SB203580 and U0126, inhibited the up-regulation of fMLP-R and IL-1beta by IL-27. It is concluded that the IL-27 may regulate the expression of Mac-1, fMLP-R and IL-1beta in human neutrophils through p38 MAPK and PI3K signal pathways.

Enhancement of all-trans retinoic acid induced HL-60 leukemia cell differentiation by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the enhancement of all-trans retinoic acid-induced HL-60 leukemia cell differentiation by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC). The HL-60 cells were divided into 4 groups: control group (HL-60 cells treated without ATRA), hucMSC group (HL-60 cells co-cultured with hucMSCs), ATRA group (HL-60 cells treated with ATRA) and ATRA + hucMSC group (HL-60 cells treated with ATRA and co-cultured with hucMSCs). The proliferations of control group and hucMSC group were compared by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). The morphology of HL-60 cells and NBT positive rate in 4 groups were observed and compared by means of microscopy, the c-myc expression of HL-60 cells in different groups was evaluated by real-time PCR, and the CD11b expression on HL-60 cells in different groups were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that in the co-culturing system, hucMSCs could inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 (hucMSC:HL-60 is 1:1, 48 hours p < 0.05, 72 hours p < 0.01; hucMSC:HL-60 is 1:5, 72 hours p < 0.05). In condition of stimulation with 2 micromol/L ATRA, the neutrophil like HL-60 cells and NBT positive rate in ATRA + hucMSC group were higher than those in ATRA group (p < 0.05). The c-myc expression of HL-60 cells in ATRA + hucMSC group was lower than that in ATRA group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, HL-60 cells in ATRA + hucMSC group had stronger CD11b expression than ATRA group (48 hours p < 0.05, 72 hours p < 0.01). It is concluded that hucMSC not only can inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells, but also can enhance the differentiation effect of HL-60 cells induced by ATRA.

Comparative study of in vitro hematopoietic supportive capability of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and umbilical cord / 中国实验血液学杂志

The present study was aimed to isolate and identify human mesenchymal stem cells from adult bone marrow (BM-MSC) and umbilical cord (UC-MSC), and to compare their ability to support in vitro long-term hematopoiesis. MSC from bone marrow and umbilical cord were isolated by using density gradient centrifugation or enzyme digestion. MSC were further purified by adherent culture. Immunophenotype, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of BM-MSC and UC-MSC were detected. The hematopoietic supporting capacity of BM-MSC and UC-MSC was assessed by LTC-IC assay. Nonadherent cells in each group were collected for phenotypic analysis at 3, 5 and 7th week of culture. The results showed that BM-MSC and UC-MSC in culture shared a similar spindle-shaped morphology and adhered to the tissue culture substrate. They were both positive for CD90, CD105, CD73, CD29, CD54, CD166, HLA-ABC, and negative for HLA-DR, CD34 and CD45. BM-MSC and UC-MSC could differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts confirmed by oil red O staining and von Kossa staining, separately. LTC-IC assay showed that at 5th week of culture, the difference of the CFC yields between UC-MSC group and BM-MSC group was not statistically significant (p>0.05). At 6, 7, 9th week of culture, the CFC yields in the UC-MSC group were lower than those of BM-MSC (p<0.05). The phenotypic analysis of nonadherent cells at 3, 5, 7th week of culture indicated that along with prolongation of time, the percentages of CD34+ cells and CD117+ cells in each group decreased markedly, and the percentages of CD33+ cells, CD13+ cells and CD11b+ cells increased gradually. It is concluded that MSC from human adult bone marrow and umbilical cord can be successfully isolated and identified. UC-MSC are able to support long-term hematopoiesis in vitro, but its hematopoietic supportive capacity is weaker than those of BM-MSC.

Effect of fetal lung mesenchymal stem cells on differentiation of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells into megakaryocytes / 中国实验血液学杂志

In order to analysis the effect of fetal lung mesenchymal stem cell (FL-MSC) on differentiation of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (MNC) into megakaryocytes, the fresh umbilical cord blood MNC were isolated and divided into 2 groups in the culture added with TPO, IL-11 and heparin. In the first group MNC were cultured alone and in the second group MNC were cocultured with FL-MSC. The cells were collected at day 7, 10, 14 for cell counting and detection of CD41a and CD61 by flow cytometry. The morphology and ultrastructure of megakaryocytes were observed by immunohistochemistry method and transmission electron microscopy at day 14. The content of DNA was analyzed by flow cytometry at day 14 too. The results indicated that the of CD41a+ and CD61+ cells were obtained mostly in the second group at day 10 and were in 4.5 and 4.7 fold as much as the MNC cultured alone. The morphology and ultrastructure of megakaryocytes showed immature of nuclei in both of two groups. It is concluded that the FL-MSC could effectively enhance the production of CD41a+ and CD61+ cells, where the effect on nucleus development of the young megakaryocyte was not obviously shown.

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord tissue modulate the secretion of antiplatelet antibody from splenocytes of ITP patients in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

The study was aimed to investigate the potential immunotherapeutical values of umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) on patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). UC-MSC was cocultured in vitro with splenocytes isolated from ITP patients who experienced splenectomy. The level of IgG antiplatelet antibody (PAIgG) was determined by a competitive micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The proliferation of platelet-reactive CD4+ T lymphocytes was also measured in the presence of UC-MSCs. The results showed that UC-MSCs could stimulate the spontaneous secretion of PAIgG in supernatants; In the platelet-inducing condition, UC-MSC inhibited the production of PAIgG at a low ratio of 1 UC-MSC to 100 splenocytes, but promoted at a high proportion of 1 UC-MSC to 10 splenocytes. Moreover, UC-MSC exerted a suppressive effect on proliferation of platelet-reactive T helper cells in a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that the UC-MSCs can regulate secretion of antiplatelet antibodies in vitro. Its concrete regulation mechanism and potential immunotherapeutical value are need to further study.

Flk1+ mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice / 生物工程学报

Fibrosis is the common end stage of most liver diseases. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment available currently. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Flk1+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from murine bone marrow (Flk1 + MSC) on fibrosis formation induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In this study Flk1+ MSC were isolated from bone marrow of male BALB/c mice. A CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis model was used. Flk1+ MSC were systemically infused immediately or one week after the female mice were challenged with CCl4. Fibrosis index and donor cell engraftment were assessed two or five weeks after CCl4 challenge. We found that Flk1+ MSC transplantation immediately, but not one week after exposure to CCl4, significantly reduced CCl4-induced liver damage and collagen deposition. In addition, levels of hepatic hydroxyproline and serum fibrosis markers (HA, P-III-P) in mice receiving immediate Flk1+ MSC transplantation after CCl4 challenge were significantly lower compared to those of control mice. More importantly, histological examination suggested that hepatic damage recovery was much better in these immediately Flk1+ MSC-treated mice. Immunofluorescence, PCR, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that donor cells engrafted into host liver, had epithelium-like morphology and expressed albumin (ALB), although at low frequency. In conclusion Flk1+ MSC might initiate endogenous hepatic tissue regeneration, engraft into host liver in response to CCl4 injury, and ameliorate its fibrogenic effects.

Research on Ex Vivo Hematopoiesis Supported by Microcarriers / 中国实验血液学杂志

To explore methods of maintaining the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells, inhibiting their overdue differentiation and expanding hematopoietic cells massively, the murine bone marrow stromal cells were coated on microcarriers, then co-cultured with hematopoietic cells from murine bone marrow as group 2 (G2). The G2 contents were wrapped by sodium alginate, then cultivated as group 1 (G1). The only microcarriers coated with stromal cells as group 3 (G3) and the only bone marrow cells as group 4 (G4) were cultivated as control groups. Contrasting observation and microphotograph were performed; the number of total marrow cells, the colony efficiency of CFU-GM and the percentages of CD34(+) cells were determined. Three repeated experiments indicated that the colony efficiency of CFU-GM before culture (G0) were 118.8 +/- 38.1/10(5) marrow cells, and the total outputs of CFU-GM (G0) were 9 501.3 +/- 3 049.0. After culture for two weeks, hematopoietic cells were adhered to or embedded in stromal cells coating the microcarriers, and had formed hematopoietic focus. The colony efficiency of CFU-GM per 10(5) mononuclear cells in group G1, G2, G3 and G4 averaged 30.9 +/- 13.7, 147.3 +/- 66.0, 23.4 +/- 23.1 and 15.9 +/- 8.1, respectively; the total outputs of CFU-GM in group G1, G2, G3 and G4 averaged 273.8 +/- 75.3, 9 424.8 +/- 7 933.7, 419.1 +/- 305.6 and 140.7 +/- 20.7, respectively; the measured CFU-GM output in group G2 was significantly higher than that in group G4, and still significantly higher than the sum of groups G3 and G4 (t = 6.553, t = 5.494; P < 0.05). The percentage of CD34 cells before culture was 10.0 +/- 1.0; after cultuer for two weeks, the percentages of CD34(+) cells in G1, G2, G3 and G4 averaged 4.0 +/- 1.0, 11.0 +/- 1.0, 3.3 +/- 1.5 and 2.2 +/- 0.8, respectively. The percentage of CD34 positive control (3T3 cells) was 17.0 +/- 1.0. This result was consistent with the result of CFU-GM outputs measured. These data suggest that microcarriers coated with stromal cells can perfectly support the ex vivo hematopoiesis at least to four weeks, while hematopoietic cells fixed by alginate are not significantly different from control groups. The hematopoiesis-simulating model of microcarriers is successful, whereas the hematopoiesis-simulating model of alginate macrocarriers can not support the ex vivo hematopoiesis.